By Dr. Gietha Ravindran, M.D.

In recent weeks, China has experienced a notable increase in cases of human metapneumovirus (HMPV), particularly in its northern regions. This uptick has led to concerns both domestically and internationally, with images of crowded hospitals circulating widely. However, health experts emphasize that HMPV is neither new nor as alarming as some fear.

What is HMPV?

Human metapneumovirus is a respiratory virus first identified in 2001. It typically causes symptoms akin to the common cold or flu, including cough, fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat. While most individuals recover within a week to ten days without complications, certain groups—such as young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems—are at a higher risk for severe illness, including bronchitis or pneumonia.

Current Situation in China

The recent surge in HMPV cases in China aligns with the winter season, a period when respiratory infections are more prevalent. Wang Liping of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention noted that the increase is partly due to improved detection methods and is consistent with seasonal trends. She emphasized that HMPV has been present for decades, with most children infected by age five. Notably, the World Health Organization has not reported any unusual outbreaks in China, and the current infection levels are within expected seasonal norms.

Global Perspective

Beyond China, other countries are also monitoring HMPV activity. In Malaysia, for instance, 327 cases were recorded in 2024, up from 225 in 2023. The Malaysian Ministry of Health has urged the public to remain vigilant, recommending preventive measures such as mask-wearing and good hygiene practices.

Preventive Measures and Recommendations

Currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Health experts advise standard precautions to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses:
• Hand Hygiene: Regularly wash hands with soap and water.
• Mask-Wearing: Use masks in crowded or enclosed spaces.
• Avoiding Crowds: Especially important for those at higher risk.
• Staying Home When Ill: To prevent transmitting the virus to others.

These measures are particularly crucial during the winter months when respiratory infections are more common.

Conclusion

While the rise in HMPV cases in China has garnered attention, health authorities and experts stress that this virus is a known entity with predictable seasonal patterns. The public is encouraged to follow standard health precautions and remain informed, but there is no cause for undue alarm.